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Objective:The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship among atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and inflammatory adipocytokines with the severity of coronary artery calcification (CAC) score in coronary artery disease (CAD). And then we analyzed the diagnostic value of the new markers on CAC.Methods:A total of 241 patients with CAD diagnosed by coronary CT angiography (CTA) and coronary angiography in Baoding First Central Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. According to the presence of calcification in coronary CTA, they were divided into CAC group ( n=63) and non-CAC group ( n=178). The clinical data of the patients were collected, and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between CAC score and AIP and inflammatory cytokines was analyzed. The diagnostic value of AIP and inflammatory factors in the formation of CAC in patients with CAD. Results:The levels of AIP, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in CAC group were higher than those in non-CAC group, while the levels of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were lower than those in non-CAC group, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that CAC score of CAD patients was positively correlated with AIP, OPG and COMP ( r=0.581, 0.451, 0.326, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with FGF21 ( r=-0.294, P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that AIP, OPG, COMP and FGF21 had diagnostic value for CAC in CAD patients (all P<0.05). AIP>0.387, OPG>5.150 ng/ml, FGF21>136.35 pg/ml, COMP>733.16 ng/ml were independent factors affecting the formation of CAC (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The increase of AIP and the change of inflammatory factors can be used as markers for the diagnosis of CAC formation in CAD patients.
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INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in chronic renal failure. It's known that vascular calcification (VC) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6) is a vitamin K-dependent protein and regulates various processes such as proliferation, cell survival, migration and inflammation. Gas6 is known to protect endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells against apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 induced Caspase 3 activation. The relationship between Gas6 and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated in many mouse models and cell cultures. However, there are conflicting reports whether Gas6 levels are increasing or decreasing in human studies of diabetic and/or chronic renal failure. In present study the aim was to examine plasma Gas6 levels and its relation with CIMT and coronary artery calcification score (CACS) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. METHODS: Total of 137 patients of which 32 chronic hemodialysis and 105 predialysis patients as well as 73 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Human Gas6 levels in serum samples were studied by ELISA method. CIMT was measured by ultrasonography. CACS was measured by multislice computed tomography. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.37±16.61 years in dialysis group, 55.20±14.80 years in predialysis group and 53.26±9.04 years in control group. Serum creatinine was 0.78±0.16 mg/dl in the control group and 1.96±1.64 mg/dl in the predialysis group and 5.94±1.55 mg/dl in the dialysis group. 24 hours urine protein levels were significally higher in the dialysis group than the predialysis and the control group. CIMT values were similar in predialysis and dialysis groups. These values were significantly higher than the control group. Although CACS was higher in dialysis group than predialysis and control group, the results were not statistically significant since the distribution range was very wide. Gas6 was 98.84±53.32 ng/mL in the control group and statistically higher than the dialysis (63.85±38.92 ng/mL) and the predialysis groups (54.96±38.49 ng/mL) (p=0.001). Gas6 levels were lower in diabetic patients than non-diabetics (53.69±35.26 ng/mL, 69.26±47.50 ng/mL, p=0.023, respectively). Negative correlation was detected between Gas6 and age, BMI, CACS, carotid IMT and proteinuria. In the logistic regression analysis, Gas6 remained significantly associated with BMI, CIMT and proteinuria. CONCLUSION: In our study, a negative correlation of Gas6 with BMI, CACS, CIMT and proteinuria and lower Gas6 levels in diabetic patients support that decreased Gas6 levels in chronic renal failure may have a role in vascular calcification through altered glucose tolerance, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and increased apoptosis. Our study has an importance because it is the first study showing a relation between Gas6 and proteinuria, CACS and carotid IMT in patients with chronic renal failure
INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la principal causa de mortalidad y morbilidad en la insuficiencia renal crónica. Se sabe que la calcificación vascular (CV) y el grosor de la íntima-media de la carótida (CIMT, por sus siglas en inglés) están vinculados de forma muy estrecha con enfermedades cardiovasculares. La proteína específica del gen 6 de la detención de crecimiento (Gas6) es una proteína dependiente de la vitamina K y regula diversos procesos, como la proliferación, la supervivencia celular, la migración y la inflamación. La proteína Gas6 es conocida por proteger las células endoteliales y las células musculares lisas vasculares contra la apoptosis mediante la inhibición de la activación de la caspasa-3 inducida por la proteína Bcl-2. Se ha demostrado la relación entre la Gas6 y las enfermedades cardiovasculares en muchos modelos de ratones y cultivos celulares. Sin embargo, existen informes contradictorios acerca de si los niveles de Gas6 aumentan o disminuyen en estudios de humanos con insuficiencia renal crónica y/o diabética. En este estudio, el objetivo fue examinar los niveles plasmáticos de Gas6 y su relación con el CIMT y la puntuación de calcificación de las arterias coronarias (CACS, por sus siglas en inglés) en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 137 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, de los cuales 32 estaban en hemodiálisis crónica, 105 en prediálisis, y 73 pacientes representaban controles sanos. Se esudiaron los niveles de Gas6 en muestras de suero mediante el método ELISA. El CIMT se midió por medio de ecografía. La CACS se midió mediante tomografía computarizada multicorte. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 54,37 ± 16,61 años en el grupo de diálisis; 55,20 ± 14,80 años en el grupo de prediálisis, y 53,26 ± 9,04 años en el grupo de control. La creatinina sérica fue de 0,78 ± 0,16 mg/dl en el grupo de control; 1,96 ± 1,64 mg/dl en el de prediálisis, y 5,94 ± 1,55 mg/dl en el de diálisis. Las concentraciones de proteína en orina de 24 horas fueron significativamente más altas en el grupo de diálisis que en los de prediálisis y control. Los valores del CIMT fueron similares en los grupos de prediálisis y de diálisis. Estos valores fueron considerablemnete más altos que en el grupo de control. Aunque la CACS fue más alta en el grupo de diálisis que en los otros dos, los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos, ya que el rango de distribución fue muy amplio. La proteína Gas6 fue de 98,84 ± 53,32 ng/ml en el grupo de control y estadísticamente más alta que en los grupos de diálisis (63,85 ± 38,92 ng/ml) y de prediálisis (54,96 ± 38,49 ng/ml) (p = 0,001). Los niveles de Gas6 fueron más bajos en los pacientes diabéticos que en los no diabéticos (53,69 ± 35,26 ng/ml; 69,26 ± 47,50 ng/ml, [p = 0,023], respectivamente). Se detectó una correlación negativa entre la proteína Gas6 y la edad, el IMC, la CACS, el CIMT y la proteinuria. En el análisis de regresión logística, la Gas6 se mantuvo estrechamente relacionada con el IMC, el CIMT y la proteinuria. CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestro estudio, la correlación negativa de Gas6 con IMC, CACS, CIMT y proteinuria, y los niveles más bajos de Gas6 en pacientes diabéticos sustentan la idea de que la disminución de los niveles de Gas6 en la insuficiencia renal crónica puede jugar un papel en la calcificación vascular a través de la tolerancia alterada a la glucosa, la inflamación crónica, la disfunción endotelial y el aumento de la apoptosis. La importancia de nuestro estudio radica en que es el primero que muestra una relación entre la Gas6 y la proteinuria, la CACS y el CIMT en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica
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Humans , Vascular Diseases/complications , Calcinosis , Tunica Intima/abnormalities , Coronary Vessel Anomalies , Fibroblast Growth Factor 6/bloodABSTRACT
The coronary artery calcification score(CACS)is used for risk stratification independent of traditional risk factors,and can effectively predict the incidence of cardiovascular events.As part of a lung cancer screening project, subjects undergoing low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) can also be evaluated for the CACS to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease.These measures can help strengthen public health management. This paper focused on the pathological basis of coronary calcification, the significance of the calcification score,and the application and significance of CACS evaluated with low-dose chest CT in cardiovascular risk screening.
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Objective · To estimate correlation between coronary artery calcification score (CaCS) and prognosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods · The clinically stable patients who had undergone PD for at least 2 months were recruited for this prospective and observational cohort study.Coronary artery calcification was assessed by multislice spiral computed tomography and was recorded according to the Agatston score. The patients were assigned to 3 groups, i.e. no calcification group (CaCS=0), low calcification group (0
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been found to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether the RDW measures are associated with the coronary artery calcification score (CACS) in patients who did not present with obvious coronary heart disease (CHD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 527 consecutive patients with a low to intermediate risk for CHD but without obvious disease were enrolled in this study. The study subjects underwent coronary computerized tomography angiography and CACS was calculated. The patients were divided into two groups based on CACS: Group I (CACS100). The two groups were compared in terms of classic CHD risk factors and haematological parameters, particularly the RDW. RESULTS: Group I patients were younger than Group II patients. The Framingham risk score (FRS) in patients of Group II was significantly higher than that in patients of Group I. Group II patients had significantly elevated levels of haemoglobin, RDW, neutrophil count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio compared with Group I patients. CACS was correlated with age, RDW, and ejection fraction. In the multivariate analysis, age, RDW, and FRS were independent predictors of CACS. Using the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, a RDW value of 13.05% was identified as the best cut-off for predicting the severity of CACS (>100) (area under the curve=0.706). CONCLUSION: We found that the RDW is an independent predictor of the CACS, suggesting that it might be a useful marker for predicting CAD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angiography , Coronary Disease , Coronary Vessels , Erythrocytes , Mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Neutrophils , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To determine the relationship between the level of plasma homocysteine and coronary calcification in patients with different blood glucose levels. Methods By measuring plasma homocysteine and coronary calcification in 30 cases of diagnosed diabetes (T2D) ,29 cases of diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in patients and 27 cases with normal, we compared the level of plasma homocysteine and coronary calcification in patients with different blood glucose levels. Results We found significant diffieronces among three groups of the level of plasms homocysteine and coronary calcification (P ＜ 0.01). The plasma homocysteine levels were(19.31 ±3.17) μmol/L, (13.85 ± 1.62) μmol/L, (9.80 ± 1.78) μmol/L in the T2D,IGT and normal groups,respectively. The coronary calcification scores were 207.80 ± 154.10,63.24 ± 10.46,14.47 ± 5.16 in the T2D, IGT and normal groups, respectively. The plasma homocysteine level and coronary calcification score increased with the glycosylated hemoglobin rise in the normal,IGT and T2D groups((4.51 ±0.48)%, (6.13 ±0.31)% and (7.69 ±0.81)%, respectively). Conclusions The plasma homocysteine level is a strong independent predictor of type 2 diabetes and also an important factor of coronary artery event occurrence and develepment.
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Objective To evaluate the correlating clinical factors of coronary artery calcification score(CACS).Methods 141 patients suspected of coronary artery disease were included.They underwent multi-slice row computed tomography,pulse wave velocity ( PWV ),UCG and blood biochemistry within a period of 3 months.The subjects were divided into three groups according to CAC score:A(CACS =0-10),B ( CACS = 11-400),C ( CACS > 400).Results CACS was significantly associated with age,history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.It was also associated with the presence of mitral annular calcification and aortic valve calcification,low ankel brachial pressure index(ABI) and high mean artery pressure(MAP) as well as high values of brachial ankel PWV (baPWV) and Upstroke time (UT).Muhifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of aortic valve calcification and mitral annular calcification,the history of diabetes mellitus and high value of UT were independently correlated with severe coronary artery calcification.Conclusions Aortic valve calcification,mitral annular calcification,history of diabetes mellitus,high value of UT were independently correlated with severe coronary artery calcification.Measurement of PWV and UCG should be performed before muhi-slicerow computed tomography,because the assessment of coronary artery lumen narrowing with multi-slice row computed tomography can not be carried out accurately in the presence of severe coronary artery calcification.
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Patients with NIDDM are at increased risk for the development of coronary atherosclerosis and experience more silent myocardial infarction than non-diabetic subjects. The screening tools for early detection of coronary artery disease without significant narrowing has been requested in diabetic patients. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) score, quantified by electron beam computed tomography (EBT), have been reported to correlate with the amount of atherosclerotic plaque and vascular luminal narrowing. We investigated the distribution of CAC score and associated risk factors in asymptomatic NIDDM patients and patients with ischemic heart disease to estimate the usefulness of CAC as a screenig tool for ischemic heart disease in asymptomatic diabetes. METHOD: 136 NIDDM patients without any symptom of coronary artery disease and 37 patients with significant coronary artery stenosis were included. CAC were measured by electron bean tomography (ultrafast CT). Forty contiguous 3-mm thickness transverse two-dimensional sections were obtained through root of aorta and heart. Coronary calcification were defined as the presense of at least two adjacent pixel within the border of visualized coronary artery with CT number of at least 130 HU. Body mass index, waist-hip ratio were measured and body fat components were counted by impedence method. Visceral fat versus subcutaneous fat ratio were calculated by abdominal computed tomography. Plasma lipid profile, fasting insulin, C-peptide level, HbA1c concentration were measured. Correlations between natural log of CAC score and clinical parameters were evaluated and multiple regression analysis with natural log of CAC score as a independent variable was performed. Coronary angiography were performed in 17 asymptomatic NIDDM patients.. RESULT: CAC score was significantly higher in male than female subjects and increased significantly with aging (p<0.01). In patients with hypertension, previous history of cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease (p<0.05), CAC score was significantly increased. The CAC score showed significant positive correlations with smoking amount, duration of diabetes and a negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). There were no association between CAC score and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, waist to hip circumference ratio, or fasting insulin levels. After adjustment of compounding variables (age, sex), duration of diabetes, amount of smoking and previous history of atherosclerotic vascular disease were shown to be associated with CAC score. In multiple logistic regression analysis with natural log of CAC score as dependent variable, age, HDL-cholesterol, duration of diabetes, male gender were found to be significant independent variables. Seventeen diabetic patients with high CAC score, were taken coronary angiography and significant luminal narrowings (more than 50%) of coronary artery were documented in 16 patients. But, In 7 out of 17 patients with coronary one-vessel disease, coronary calcification were not detected by EBT. CONCLUSION: coronary artery calcium score quantified by electron beam computed tomography may be useful for screening of preclinical or asymptomatic coronary artery disease in asymptomatic NIDDM patients.